Female Genital Mutilation: An Ancient Culture Detrimental to the Girl Child
Conference: ISA 22nd Annual International Conference (2025)
Presenter(s): Lilian Ebenyi
Tags: 2025 Nigeria Abakaliki Lilian Ebenyi Ebonyi State University
Abstract
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), locally known as ‘ibe nwanyi ugwu’ in Igbo language comprises all procedures that involve the partial or total removal of the external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons (WHO). FGM/C is a deeply rooted cultural practice with profound physical, psychological and social implications for girls and women, particularly in regions where it is traditionally upheld. Among the Igbo people of Nigeria, FGM remains an entrenched custom passed down through generations, performed during infancy, adolescence, time of marriage, during her first pregnancy or even in labour. It is often viewed as a rite of passage into womanhood, a means of curbing promiscuity and preserving cultural identity. The operation is usually performed by an elderly woman specially designated, using special knives, scissors, razors or pieces of glass. The immediate complications of FGM are severe pain, hemorrhage, infections etc. while its long-term/ chronic complications include; dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, keloid scars, child birth complications, PTSD, mental disorders, low self-esteem to mention but a few. About one quarter of the world estimated 115 – 300 million circumcised women reside in Nigeria. The three sorrowful milestones for the FGM survivor is the day of circumcision, her wedding night and the day she will be having her first child. This paper explores FGM within the context of the Igbo culture, examining its historical origins, perceived social significance and impact on the well-being of the girl child.
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